此版本仍在开发中，尚未被视为稳定版本。对于最新的稳定版本，请使用 Spring Boot 3.4.3！spring-doc.cadn.net.cn

JSON 格式

Spring Boot 提供与三个 JSON 映射库的集成：spring-doc.cadn.net.cn

Jackson 是首选和默认库。spring-doc.cadn.net.cn

Jackson

提供了 Jackson 的自动配置，Jackson 是其中的一部分spring-boot-starter-json. 当 Jackson 位于 Classpath 上时，一个ObjectMapperbean 会自动配置。 提供了多个配置属性，用于自定义 ObjectMapper.spring-doc.cadn.net.cn

自定义序列化器和反序列化器

如果您使用 Jackson 序列化和反序列化 JSON 数据，则可能需要编写自己的 JSON 数据JsonSerializer和JsonDeserializer类。 自定义序列化器通常通过模块向 Jackson 注册，但 Spring Boot 提供了另一种选择@JsonComponent注解，可以更轻松地直接注册 Spring Beans。spring-doc.cadn.net.cn

您可以使用@JsonComponent注解JsonSerializer,JsonDeserializer或KeyDeserializer实现。 您还可以在包含序列化器/反序列化器作为内部类的类上使用它，如以下示例所示：spring-doc.cadn.net.cn

import java.io.IOException;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonGenerator;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonParser;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.ObjectCodec;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.DeserializationContext;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonDeserializer;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonNode;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonSerializer;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.SerializerProvider;

import org.springframework.boot.jackson.JsonComponent;

@JsonComponent
public class MyJsonComponent {

	public static class Serializer extends JsonSerializer<MyObject> {

		@Override
		public void serialize(MyObject value, JsonGenerator jgen, SerializerProvider serializers) throws IOException {
			jgen.writeStartObject();
			jgen.writeStringField("name", value.getName());
			jgen.writeNumberField("age", value.getAge());
			jgen.writeEndObject();
		}

	}

	public static class Deserializer extends JsonDeserializer<MyObject> {

		@Override
		public MyObject deserialize(JsonParser jsonParser, DeserializationContext ctxt) throws IOException {
			ObjectCodec codec = jsonParser.getCodec();
			JsonNode tree = codec.readTree(jsonParser);
			String name = tree.get("name").textValue();
			int age = tree.get("age").intValue();
			return new MyObject(name, age);
		}

	}

}
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonGenerator
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonParser
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.DeserializationContext
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonDeserializer
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonNode
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonSerializer
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.SerializerProvider
import org.springframework.boot.jackson.JsonComponent
import java.io.IOException

@JsonComponent
class MyJsonComponent {

	class Serializer : JsonSerializer<MyObject>() {
		@Throws(IOException::class)
		override fun serialize(value: MyObject, jgen: JsonGenerator, serializers: SerializerProvider) {
			jgen.writeStartObject()
			jgen.writeStringField("name", value.name)
			jgen.writeNumberField("age", value.age)
			jgen.writeEndObject()
		}
	}

	class Deserializer : JsonDeserializer<MyObject>() {
		@Throws(IOException::class, JsonProcessingException::class)
		override fun deserialize(jsonParser: JsonParser, ctxt: DeserializationContext): MyObject {
			val codec = jsonParser.codec
			val tree = codec.readTree<JsonNode>(jsonParser)
			val name = tree["name"].textValue()
			val age = tree["age"].intValue()
			return MyObject(name, age)
		}
	}

}

All @JsonComponent beans in the ApplicationContext are automatically registered with Jackson. Because @JsonComponent is meta-annotated with @Component, the usual component-scanning rules apply.spring-doc.cadn.net.cn

Spring Boot also provides JsonObjectSerializer and JsonObjectDeserializer base classes that provide useful alternatives to the standard Jackson versions when serializing objects. See JsonObjectSerializer and JsonObjectDeserializer in the API documentation for details.spring-doc.cadn.net.cn

The example above can be rewritten to use JsonObjectSerializer and JsonObjectDeserializer as follows:spring-doc.cadn.net.cn

import java.io.IOException;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonGenerator;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonParser;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.ObjectCodec;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.DeserializationContext;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonNode;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.SerializerProvider;

import org.springframework.boot.jackson.JsonComponent;
import org.springframework.boot.jackson.JsonObjectDeserializer;
import org.springframework.boot.jackson.JsonObjectSerializer;

@JsonComponent
public class MyJsonComponent {

	public static class Serializer extends JsonObjectSerializer<MyObject> {

		@Override
		protected void serializeObject(MyObject value, JsonGenerator jgen, SerializerProvider provider)
				throws IOException {
			jgen.writeStringField("name", value.getName());
			jgen.writeNumberField("age", value.getAge());
		}

	}

	public static class Deserializer extends JsonObjectDeserializer<MyObject> {

		@Override
		protected MyObject deserializeObject(JsonParser jsonParser, DeserializationContext context, ObjectCodec codec,
				JsonNode tree) throws IOException {
			String name = nullSafeValue(tree.get("name"), String.class);
			int age = nullSafeValue(tree.get("age"), Integer.class);
			return new MyObject(name, age);
		}

	}

}
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonGenerator
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonParser
import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.ObjectCodec
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.DeserializationContext
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonNode
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.SerializerProvider
import org.springframework.boot.jackson.JsonComponent
import org.springframework.boot.jackson.JsonObjectDeserializer
import org.springframework.boot.jackson.JsonObjectSerializer
import java.io.IOException

@JsonComponent
class MyJsonComponent {

	class Serializer : JsonObjectSerializer<MyObject>() {
		@Throws(IOException::class)
		override fun serializeObject(value: MyObject, jgen: JsonGenerator, provider: SerializerProvider) {
			jgen.writeStringField("name", value.name)
			jgen.writeNumberField("age", value.age)
		}
	}

	class Deserializer : JsonObjectDeserializer<MyObject>() {
		@Throws(IOException::class)
		override fun deserializeObject(jsonParser: JsonParser, context: DeserializationContext,
				codec: ObjectCodec, tree: JsonNode): MyObject {
			val name = nullSafeValue(tree["name"], String::class.java)
			val age = nullSafeValue(tree["age"], Int::class.java)
			return MyObject(name, age)
		}
	}

}

Mixins

Jackson has support for mixins that can be used to mix additional annotations into those already declared on a target class. Spring Boot’s Jackson auto-configuration will scan your application’s packages for classes annotated with @JsonMixin and register them with the auto-configured ObjectMapper. The registration is performed by Spring Boot’s JsonMixinModule.spring-doc.cadn.net.cn

Gson

Auto-configuration for Gson is provided. When Gson is on the classpath a Gson bean is automatically configured. Several spring.gson.* configuration properties are provided for customizing the configuration. To take more control, one or more GsonBuilderCustomizer beans can be used.spring-doc.cadn.net.cn

JSON-B

Auto-configuration for JSON-B is provided. When the JSON-B API and an implementation are on the classpath a Jsonb bean will be automatically configured. The preferred JSON-B implementation is Eclipse Yasson for which dependency management is provided.spring-doc.cadn.net.cn