This version is still in development and is not considered stable yet. For the latest snapshot version, please use Spring AI 1.0.0-SNAPSHOT!spring-doc.cn

Model Context Protocol (MCP)

The Model Context Protocol (MCP) is a standardized protocol that enables AI models to interact with external tools and resources in a structured way. It supports multiple transport mechanisms to provide flexibility across different environments.spring-doc.cn

MCP Java SDK

The MCP Java SDK provides a Java implementation of the Model Context Protocol, enabling standardized interaction with AI models and tools through both synchronous and asynchronous communication patterns.spring-doc.cn

The Java MCP implementation follows a three-layer architecture:spring-doc.cn

Client/Server Layer: The McpClient handles client-side operations while the McpServer manages server-side protocol operations. Both utilize McpSession for communication management.spring-doc.cn
Session Layer (McpSession): Manages communication patterns and state through the DefaultMcpSession implementation.spring-doc.cn
Transport Layer (McpTransport): Handles JSON-RPC message serialization and deserialization with support for multiple transport implementations.spring-doc.cn

MCP Client
The MCP Client is a key component in the Model Context Protocol (MCP) architecture, responsible for establishing and managing connections with MCP servers. It implements the client-side of the protocol, handling:spring-doc.cn Protocol version negotiation to ensure compatibility with serversspring-doc.cn Capability negotiation to determine available featuresspring-doc.cn Message transport and JSON-RPC communicationspring-doc.cn Tool discovery and executionspring-doc.cn Resource access and managementspring-doc.cn Prompt system interactionsspring-doc.cn Optional features:spring-doc.cn Roots managementspring-doc.cn Sampling supportspring-doc.cn Synchronous and asynchronous operationsspring-doc.cn Transport options:spring-doc.cn Stdio-based transport for process-based communicationspring-doc.cn Java HttpClient-based SSE client transportspring-doc.cn WebFlux SSE client transport for reactive HTTP streamingspring-doc.cn

MCP Client

The MCP Client is a key component in the Model Context Protocol (MCP) architecture, responsible for establishing and managing connections with MCP servers. It implements the client-side of the protocol, handling:spring-doc.cn

Protocol version negotiation to ensure compatibility with serversspring-doc.cn
Capability negotiation to determine available featuresspring-doc.cn
Message transport and JSON-RPC communicationspring-doc.cn
Tool discovery and executionspring-doc.cn
Resource access and managementspring-doc.cn
Prompt system interactionsspring-doc.cn
Optional features:spring-doc.cn
- Roots managementspring-doc.cn
- Sampling supportspring-doc.cn
Synchronous and asynchronous operationsspring-doc.cn
Transport options:spring-doc.cn
- Stdio-based transport for process-based communicationspring-doc.cn
- Java HttpClient-based SSE client transportspring-doc.cn
- WebFlux SSE client transport for reactive HTTP streamingspring-doc.cn

MCP Server
The MCP Server is a foundational component in the Model Context Protocol (MCP) architecture that provides tools, resources, and capabilities to clients. It implements the server-side of the protocol, responsible for:spring-doc.cn Server-side protocol operations implementationspring-doc.cn Tool exposure and discoveryspring-doc.cn Resource management with URI-based accessspring-doc.cn Prompt template provision and handlingspring-doc.cn Capability negotiation with clientsspring-doc.cn Structured logging and notificationsspring-doc.cn Concurrent client connection managementspring-doc.cn Synchronous and Asynchronous API supportspring-doc.cn Transport implementations:spring-doc.cn Stdio-based transport for process-based communicationspring-doc.cn Servlet-based SSE server transportspring-doc.cn WebFlux SSE server transport for reactive HTTP streamingspring-doc.cn WebMVC SSE server transport for servlet-based HTTP streamingspring-doc.cn

MCP Server

The MCP Server is a foundational component in the Model Context Protocol (MCP) architecture that provides tools, resources, and capabilities to clients. It implements the server-side of the protocol, responsible for:spring-doc.cn

Server-side protocol operations implementationspring-doc.cn
- Tool exposure and discoveryspring-doc.cn
- Resource management with URI-based accessspring-doc.cn
- Prompt template provision and handlingspring-doc.cn
- Capability negotiation with clientsspring-doc.cn
- Structured logging and notificationsspring-doc.cn
Concurrent client connection managementspring-doc.cn
Synchronous and Asynchronous API supportspring-doc.cn
Transport implementations:spring-doc.cn
- Stdio-based transport for process-based communicationspring-doc.cn
- Servlet-based SSE server transportspring-doc.cn
- WebFlux SSE server transport for reactive HTTP streamingspring-doc.cn
- WebMVC SSE server transport for servlet-based HTTP streamingspring-doc.cn

For detailed implementation guidance, using the low-level MCP Client/Server APIs, refer to the MCP Java SDK documentation. For simplified setup using Spring Boot, use the MCP Boot Starters described below.spring-doc.cn

Spring AI MCP Integration

Spring AI provides MCP integration through the following Spring Boot starters:spring-doc.cn

Client Starters

spring-ai-mcp-client-spring-boot-starter - Core starter providing STDIO and HTTP-based SSE supportspring-doc.cn
spring-ai-mcp-client-webflux-spring-boot-starter - WebFlux-based SSE transport implementationspring-doc.cn

Server Starters

spring-ai-mcp-server-spring-boot-starter - Core server with STDIO transport supportspring-doc.cn
spring-ai-mcp-server-webmvc-spring-boot-starter - Spring MVC-based SSE transport implementationspring-doc.cn
spring-ai-mcp-server-webflux-spring-boot-starter - WebFlux-based SSE transport implementationspring-doc.cn

Model Context Protocol (MCP)

MCP Java SDK

Spring AI MCP Integration

Client Starters

Server Starters

Additional Resources